Multi-Speed

Introducing the Drifter 7 ST, the perfect blend of style and affordability. With its rider-friendly Foot-Forward frame design and durable steel construction, this bike offers unmatched comfort and reliability. Whether you're cruising through the neighborhood or exploring scenic bike paths, the Drifter 7 ST is your trusty companion. And with its more economical component specs, it won't break the bank. - Hi-tensile steel Drifter frame with foot-forward riding position - Relaxed upright fit handlebar and stem - Sun Comfort coil spring cruiser saddle - Alloy crank with sealed cartridge bottom bracket - 7-Speed Shimano gearing with smooth twist shifter - Alloy Linear-Pull brakes - Internal cable routing - Double-wall alloy rims with stainless steel spokes - Extra wide 26" x 2.30 multi-condition tires - Full-length steel chain guard - Alloy kickstand - Frame & fork eyelets for a water bottle, rear rack, & fenders Weight: - Bike Weight: 36 Lbs. - Recommended Fit: 17.5" for riders 5'0" and taller / 19" for riders 5'4" and taller - Rider Weight Limit: 250 Lbs.

Introducing the Drifter 7 ST, the perfect blend of style and affordability. With its rider-friendly Foot-Forward frame design and durable steel construction, this bike offers unmatched comfort and reliability. Whether you're cruising through the neighborhood or exploring scenic bike paths, the Drifter 7 ST is your trusty companion. And with its more economical component specs, it won't break the bank. - Hi-tensile steel Drifter frame with foot-forward riding position - Relaxed upright fit handlebar and stem - Sun Comfort coil spring cruiser saddle - Alloy crank with sealed cartridge bottom bracket - 7-Speed Shimano gearing with smooth twist shifter - Alloy Linear-Pull brakes - Internal cable routing - Double-wall alloy rims with stainless steel spokes - Extra wide 26" x 2.30 multi-condition tires - Full-length steel chain guard - Alloy kickstand - Frame & fork eyelets for a water bottle, rear rack, & fenders Weight: - Bike Weight: 36 Lbs. - Recommended Fit: 17.5" for riders 5'0" and taller / 19" for riders 5'4" and taller - Rider Weight Limit: 250 Lbs.

Quick As You Like A swift, sporty bike that’s perfect for getting a workout, city cruising, or just getting out and feeling good. Highlights - Lightweight aluminum frame w/ 360° reflective accents - Shimano 7-speed drivetrain with triple chainring crank - Powerful rim brakes Where it thrives: In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for" Agility, visibility, comfort

All Ways, All Days. An urban-adventure bike for cities and town pathways, open countryside, and everything else. Expand your horizons on one bike to do it all Where it thrives: In town, Leisurely rides, On crowded streets What it's built for: Visibility, Agility, Comfort Highlights - Light and durable SmartForm C3 Alloy frame / Suspension fork, 63mm travel, remote lockout - Shimano 7-speed drivetrain with hydraulic disc brakes. - Vittoria 700x40c multi-surface tires Smooth Lines Quick CX has been redesigned with a custom fork that seamlessly flows into the headtube for a refined and classy look Versatility Comes Standard Wanna get serious? The Quick CX comes with fender brackets for foul weather and universal, easy-to-use rack mounts for grabbing groceries and life on the go

Quick As You Like A swift, sporty bike that’s perfect for getting a workout, city cruising or just getting out and feeling good. Highlights - Lightweight aluminum frame and carbon fiber fork w/ 360° reflective accents - Shimano Altus/Acera 18-speed drivetrain w/ hydraulic disc brakes - Integrated connectivity with Cannondale App Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, visibility, comfort

Offering an unprecedented combination of comfort, efficiency, and nimble handling, the Sirrus X excels on pavement, dirt, and any terrain in between. SMOOTH, COMFORTABLE, AND EFFICIENT: Sirrus X provides the smoothest ride in its class. With bigger, confidence-inspiring tires, a slightly more upright riding position, and a super intuitive one-by drivetrain. RIDER-FIRST ENGINEERED: Like all Specialized performance bikes, the geometry of each frame is uniquely crafted. This means that for every frame, each tube size is specifically selected to achieve the optimal balance of rigidity, weight, and responsiveness to ensure that no matter what size you’re riding, you will experience the world’s best ride. NIMBLE: Class-leading light-weight, exceptional pedaling efficiency, and steering precision merge for confident, nearly telepathic handling characteristics. - Lightweight A1 Alloy frame with clean internal cable routing, 3.5lbs (1.7kg) lighter than our Crosstrail Hydro model. - Maximum control through intuitive shifting with 1x8 wide range gearing, and powerful hydraulic disc brakes. - Float over rough terrain with fast rolling Specialized Pathfinder 42c tires featuring proprietary Gripton rubber compound.

From rough city streets to park paths and beyond, the versatile UX hybrid commuter bike is built for adventure. Ride through bumpy back alleys or take a shortcut through the park, it’s all about putting some excitement into your daily routine. With its innovative belt drive, powerful disc brakes, and confident 27.5 wheels with wide 50mm tires, this hybrid bike can handle rough roads and varied terrain. Premium Lightweight Alloy Frame - Made with ALUXX aluminum for confident, versatile handling on smooth or rough roads. Flat Handlebar - Mountain bike style handlebar gives added control on rough roads or dirt. Belt Drive - Innovative belt drive for easier maintenance and added safety. Disc Brakes - Powerful brakes for added control in variable road and weather conditions. Grippy Tires - High-volume 50mm tires provide smooth, confident handling. Reflective Decal - For added visibility in low-light conditions.

Every Day is an Adventure. A bike that will turn every journey, path, and road into a joyride. Its comfort-focused frame and upright riding position keep the effort low and enjoyment high. Key Benefits - Built for Comfort. First and foremost, this bicycle is made for comfort with an upright riding position, lightweight feel and riding style, and a plush saddle combined with squishy front suspension that turns bumpy streets, parkland paths, and gravel roads into a smooth-sailing journey. - Easy on, Easy off. The Adventure begins with our lowest step-thru frame—a thoroughly modern take on a classic design, resulting in the easiest bicycle to kickstart your ride. Anyone can step on, set off, and park easily with the built-in kickstand. All that's left is enjoying the ride. - Style and Confidence. Plenty of smooth-shifting gears will ensure that every ride is a breeze, while trustworthy disc brakes and larger-volume tires will handle every road with ease and new-found confidence.

Quick As You Like A swift, sporty bike that’s perfect for getting a workout, city cruising, or just getting out and feeling good. Highlights - Lightweight aluminum frame w/ 360° reflective accents - Shimano Tourney TX 14-speed drivetrain w/ disc brakes - Integrated connectivity with the Cannondale App Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, visibility, comfort

The Streamway is all about knocking down barriers. If traditional bicycles with limited stand-over clearance take the fun out of riding for you, the Streamway is here to help. We removed the traditional top tube found on most bikes to create a wide open step-through area for easy on and off the bike access. It's ready to handle trips to the market, coffee shop, and bike paths in your neighborhood. - Lightweight 6061 aluminum easy step-through frame - Alloy crankset with sealed cartridge bottom bracket - Alloy rims with stainless steel spokes - 26 x 2.25" tires - Classic city handlebar and adjustable angle alloy stem - Sun comfort saddle - Steel chain guard and plastic fenders - Alloy kickstand Weight: - Bike Weight: 32 Lbs. - Recommended Fit: 5'2 to 5'8" - Rider Weight Limit: 250 Lbs.

Day in, Day out. A bike for any day and anywhere. Fun and light to rip around the neighborhood for meet ups, running errands, or Sunday fun days. Highlights - Light, durable aluminum frame - Integrated connectivity with Cannondale App - 7-speed Shimano gearing with disc brakes Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, comfort, durability

Day in, Day out. A bike for any day and anywhere. Fun and light to rip around the neighborhood for meet-ups, running errands, or Sunday fun days. Highlights - Light, durable aluminum frame - Integrated connectivity with the Cannondale App - 7-speed Shimano gearing with disc brakes Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, comfort, durability

Every Day is an Adventure. A bike that will turn every journey, path, and road into a joyride. Its comfort-focused frame and upright riding position keep the effort low and enjoyment high. Key Benefits - Built for Comfort. First and foremost, this bicycle is made for comfort with an upright riding position, lightweight feel and riding style, and a plush saddle combined with squishy front suspension that turns bumpy streets, parkland paths, and gravel roads into a smooth-sailing journey. - Easy on, Easy off. The Adventure begins with our lowest step-thru frame—a thoroughly modern take on a classic design, resulting in the easiest bicycle to kickstart your ride. Anyone can step on, set off, and park easily with the built-in kickstand. All that's left is enjoying the ride. - Style and Confidence. Plenty of smooth-shifting gears will ensure that every ride is a breeze, while trustworthy disc brakes and larger-volume tires will handle every road with ease and new-found confidence.

Offering an unprecedented combination of comfort, efficiency, and nimble handling, the Sirrus X excels on pavement, dirt, and any terrain in between. SMOOTH, COMFORTABLE, AND EFFICIENT: Sirrus X provides the smoothest ride in its class. With bigger, confidence-inspiring tires, a slightly more upright riding position, and a super intuitive one-by drivetrain. RIDER-FIRST ENGINEERED: Like all Specialized performance bikes, the geometry of each frame is uniquely crafted. This means that for every frame, each tube size is specifically selected to achieve the optimal balance of rigidity, weight, and responsiveness to ensure that no matter what size you’re riding, you will experience the world’s best ride. NIMBLE: Class-leading light-weight, exceptional pedaling efficiency, and steering precision merge for confident, nearly telepathic handling characteristics. - Lightweight A1 Alloy frame with clean internal cable routing, 3.5lbs (1.7kg) lighter than our Crosstrail Hydro model. - Maximum control through intuitive shifting with 1x8 wide range gearing, and powerful hydraulic disc brakes. - Float over rough terrain with fast rolling Specialized Pathfinder 42c tires featuring proprietary Gripton rubber compound.

They say that every journey begins with a single step, but when that journey is related to exercise, that first step can sure be a doozy. But that one step, or in our case pedal stroke, can be life-changing—and there's no better machine to take the plunge with than with the Roll. It has everything you need to help achieve your goals, like a comfortable and upright geometry that makes getting on and off the bike super easy, wide and grippy 650b tires, hassle-free mechanical disc brakes, and a reliable mix of components that are built to withstand years of riding. You don't have to sacrifice, you just need the Roll 2.0 Low-Entry. - The Low-Entry Roll is made of our A1 Premium Aluminum. It features our Ground Control Positioning that makes it easy to put a foot down when stopped, while our Low-Entry design makes getting on and off a breeze. Lastly, the frame comes ready with rack/fender mounts. - Wide diameter, 650b x 2.3" Nimbus II Sport tires provide excellent traction, stability, and cushioning, which creates a safer, more reliable, and more comfortable ride on either paved or dirt roads. Plus, the reflective accents of the tire increase your visibility to motorists in low-light conditions. - Equipped with a Body Geometry Comfort Gel saddle, you can expect a supreme level of comfort anywhere you ride. It is ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to provide unmatched comfort and support while reducing pressure on soft tissue.

Whether you’re carrying it on the train or pedaling through city streets, this lightweight folding bike has everything you need to make your commute faster and more fun. The lightweight, durable aluminum frame is outfitted with quality brakes and easy-to-use gear shifters. Its slick folding design lets you pack it up easily for storage or transport. And the 20-inch wheels are small enough to stay out of the way but large enough to roll smoothly, even though rough city streets. Durable Frame - ALUXX aluminum frame is lightweight and tough for urban environments. Internal Routing - Cables routed inside the frame for clean look and performance. Integrated Accessories - Fender and racks protect clothes and make it easy to carry cargo Ergonomic Design - Saddle and grips designed for a comfortable riding experience. Compact - 20-inch wheels offer a smooth ride on rough city streets and allow the bike to be stored in small spaces. Smart Lock - The smart lock design ensures the bike can mount correctly, eliminate the ride safety concern.

Quick As You Like A swift, sporty bike that’s perfect for getting a workout, city cruising, or just getting out and feeling good. Where it thrives: In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for: Agility, visibility, comfort Highlights -Lightweight aluminum frame w/ 360° reflective accents -Easy-to-use, wide-range 9-speed gearing w/ hydraulic disc brakes -Integrated connectivity with the Cannondale App Versatile A bike of all trades. Plenty of reflective accents and mounts for racks and fenders make Quick perfect for rides through the city, and it’s sporty enough for harder riding to keep you healthy and fit. Comfortable & capable Comfort comes standard thanks to bump-absorbing SAVE micro-suspension, and a riding position that’s upright for visibility and ease, yet forward enough for efficient speed. Premier performance First and foremost, Quick is quick. This bike is lightweight, nimble, and comfortable, with fast tires, confident handling, and gearing that’s just right for darting around town.

Day in, Day out. A bike for any day and anywhere. Fun and light to rip around the neighborhood for meet ups, running errands, or Sunday fun days. Highlights - Light, durable aluminum frame and fork - Integrated connectivity with Cannondale App - Wide range 9-speed gearing with hydraulic disc brakes Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, comfort, durability

They say that every journey begins with a single step, but when that journey is related to exercise, that first step can sure be a doozy. It can be life-changing, however, and there's no better machine to take the plunge with than with the Roll. With its lightweight alloy frame, eight speeds of "go fast" gearing, stable and wide 650b tires, and powerful hydraulic disc brakes, the Roll does everything in its power to encourage and motivate you to keep fit and get around in comfortable, efficient style. - Equipped with a Body Geometry Comfort Gel saddle, you can expect a supreme level of comfort anywhere you ride. It is ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to provide unmatched comfort and support while reducing pressure on soft tissue. - The Roll is made of our A1 Premium Aluminum, and it features our Ground Control Positioning that makes it easy to put a foot down when stopped. This Roll also comes ready with rack/fender mounts. - Wide diameter, 650b x 2.3" Nimbus II Sport Reflect tires provide excellent traction, stability, and cushioning, which creates a safer, more reliable, and more comfortable ride on either paved or dirt roads. Plus, the reflective accents of the tire increase your visibility to motorists in low-light conditions.

They say that every journey begins with a single step, but when that journey is related to exercise, that first step can sure be a doozy. It can be life-changing, however, and there's no better machine to take the plunge with than with the Roll. With its lightweight alloy low-entry frame that lets you easily put a foot down when needed, eight speeds of "go fast" MicroSHIFT gearing, stable and wide 650b tires, powerful hydraulic disc brakes, and low-entry design that makes it a easier to get on and off the bike, the Roll does everything in its power to encourage and motivate you to keep fit and get around in comfortable, efficient style. - Equipped with a Body Geometry Comfort Gel saddle, you can expect a supreme level of comfort anywhere you ride. It is ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to provide unmatched comfort and support while reducing pressure on soft tissue. - The Low-Entry Roll is made from our A1 Premium Aluminum, and it features our Ground Control Positioning that makes it easy to put a foot down when stopped. This Roll also comes ready with rack/fender mount, making it easy to carry extra weight. - Wide diameter, 650b x 2.3" Nimbus II Sport Reflect tires provide excellent traction, stability, and cushioning, which creates a safer, more reliable, and more comfortable ride on either paved or dirt roads. Plus, the reflective accents of the tire increase your visibility to motorists in low-light conditions.

All Ways, All Days. An urban-adventure bike for cities and town pathways, open countryside and everything else. Expand your horizons on one bike to do it all. Where it thrives In town, Leisurely rides, On crowded streets What it's built for Visibility, Agility, Comfort Highlights - Light and durable SmartForm C3 Alloy frame / Suspension fork, 63mm travel, remote lockout - Shimano 9-speed drivetrain with hydraulic disc brakes - Vittoria 700x40c multi-surface tires / Integrated connectivity with Cannondale App

Steel Commuter and Gravel Bike Preamble is a hard-boiled steel commuter built for comfort, durability, and buffoonery on pavement and gravel. Nothing More is Needed. Nothing Less Will Do. The challenge was thus: Build a serious steel bike and give it only the attributes that matter most. Make it quick and comfortable on pavement, as well as confident and compliant on degraded surfaces. What the Enginerds put forth is Preamble, a pavement and gravel utility worker that proves you don't need to cut corners or clip coupons to make a more affordable steel bike. You just need to keep it simple. Preamble can run racks and fenders and carry a couple water bottles. Surly was raised on stealing basic cable, after all. Smooth and efficient on asphalt, Preamble's double-butted main triangle provides a resplendent ride feel and withstands abuse from life's inevitable potholes. Make it your own with flat bars, drop bars, a basket, or bags. On the road to steel euphoria, Preamble is the gateway drug. Let facts be submitted to a candid world: - Offered in flat-bar and drop-bar configurations - Easy T-Shirt sizing to fit nearly every rider (XS, S, M, L, XL) - Sloping top tubes on XS and Small frames for improved standover and comfort - To offer the best rider experience for every frame size, XS and S frames get 650b wheelsets while M–XL get 700c - Custom-cast single-position vertical dropout

They say that every journey begins with a single step, but when that journey is related to exercise, that first step can sure be a doozy. It can be life-changing, however, and there's no better machine to take the plunge with than with the Roll. With its lightweight alloy low-entry frame that lets you easily put a foot down when needed, eight speeds of "go fast" MicroSHIFT gearing, stable and wide 650b tires, powerful hydraulic disc brakes, and low-entry design that makes it a easier to get on and off the bike, the Roll does everything in its power to encourage and motivate you to keep fit and get around in comfortable, efficient style. - The Low-Entry Roll is made from our A1 Premium Aluminum, and it features our Ground Control Positioning that makes it easy to put a foot down when stopped. This Roll also comes ready with rack/fender mount, making it easy to carry extra weight. - Wide diameter, 650b x 2.3" Nimbus II Sport Reflect tires provide excellent traction, stability, and cushioning, which creates a safer, more reliable, and more comfortable ride on either paved or dirt roads. Plus, the reflective accents of the tire increase your visibility to motorists in low-light conditions. - Equipped with a Body Geometry Comfort Gel saddle, you can expect a supreme level of comfort anywhere you ride. It is ergonomically designed and scientifically tested to provide unmatched comfort and support while reducing pressure on soft tissue.

Day in, Day out A bike for any day and anywhere. Fun and light to rip around the neighborhood for meet ups, running errands, or Sunday fun days. Highlights - Light, durable aluminum frame and fork - Integrated connectivity with Cannondale App - Wide range 9-speed gearing with hydraulic disc brakes Where it thrives - In town, leisurely rides, on crowded streets What it's built for - Agility, comfort, durability

Offering an unprecedented combination of comfort, efficiency, and nimble handling, the Sirrus X excels on pavement, dirt, and any terrain in between. SMOOTH, COMFORTABLE, AND EFFICIENT: Sirrus X provides the smoothest ride in its class. With bigger, confidence-inspiring tires, a slightly more upright riding position, and a super intuitive one-by drivetrain. RIDER-FIRST ENGINEERED: Like all Specialized performance bikes, the geometry of each frame is uniquely crafted. This means that for every frame, each tube size is specifically selected to achieve the optimal balance of rigidity, weight, and responsiveness to ensure that no matter what size you’re riding, you will experience the world’s best ride. NIMBLE: Class-leading light-weight, exceptional pedaling efficiency, and steering precision merge for confident, nearly telepathic handling characteristics. - Even lighter (1.6 lbs../.8kg) than Sirrus X 2.0, and faster thanks to an added A1 alloy fork. - Wide-range 1x9 microSHIFT drivetrain with a 11-42t cassette gives excellent range on any road. - More powerful hydraulic brakes and premium two-piece crank design for enhanced braking power and durability in tough conditions.

Designed to introduce unfamiliar riders to Surly’s pavement and gravel line, Preamble highlights Surly’s most essential features: Durable custom steel tubing, a renowned ride feel, and just the right mounts for running racks, fenders, and bottle cages. Available in flat-bar and drop-bar configurations, it’s disc-brake specific and shares a single-position vertical dropout with Surly Bridge Club. For new weekend riders and veteran commuters, Preamble makes it easier than ever to get out of the car and on top of tough and comfortable Chromoly steel. - 100% Surly Chromoly steel frame and fork; double-butted main triangle - Five frame sizes to fit nearly every size rider (XS, S, M, L, XL), with a slightly sloped top tube on XS and Small frames for improved standover and comfort - Friendly with 1x and 2x drivetrains - Mounts for racks, fenders, and two bottle cages (located on the seat tube and down tube) - Clearance for 650b x 41mm tires on XS–S frame sizes (650b x 38mm with fenders); 700c x 41mm tires on M–XL frame sizes (700c x 38mm with fenders)

A fitness bike that's equally perfect for city cruising or getting a workout. Plus it’s easy on the eyes. Quick bikes are the lightest in their class. Beautifully crafted aluminum frames and carbon fiber forks add up to a difference you can feel. Easier to pedal, easier to lift, easier to love! To blend speed with comfort, Quick uses road-bike style wheels fitted with larger volume tires for better bump absorption, grip and durability. Our OutFront steering geometry makes riding easier. It delivers agile handling, while positioning the wheel further out in front for more stability, more control and less chance of toe-overlap. An integrated wheel sensor helps track your activity (like speed, distance and calories burned), registers your bike, reminds you of needed service and more, all through the free Cannondale app. A convenient mount on the stem will securely hold any SP-Connect compatible smartphone case, creating a dashboard display for speed, mileage and more with the Cannondale app. The Quick's graphics feature bright 360° reflective elements for that extra measure of safety in low light conditions. - SmartForm aluminum frame with carbon fork - Cannondale Disc wheelset - 9-speed Shimano Sora components - Tektro hydraulic disc brakes

Steel Commuter and Gravel Bike Preamble is a hard-boiled steel commuter built for comfort, durability, and buffoonery on pavement and gravel. Nothing More is Needed. Nothing Less Will Do. The challenge was thus: Build a serious steel bike and give it only the attributes that matter most. Make it quick and comfortable on pavement, as well as confident and compliant on degraded surfaces. What the Enginerds put forth is Preamble, a pavement and gravel utility worker that proves you don't need to cut corners or clip coupons to make a more affordable steel bike. You just need to keep shit simple. Preamble can run racks and fenders and carry a couple water bottles. Surly was raised on stealing basic cable, after all. Smooth and efficient on asphalt, Preamble's double-butted main triangle provides a resplendent ride feel and withstands abuse from life's inevitable potholes. Make it your own with flat bars, drop bars, a basket, or bags. On the road to steel euphoria, Preamble is the gateway drug. Let facts be submitted to a candid world: - Offered in flat-bar and drop-bar configurations - Easy T-Shirt sizing to fit nearly every rider (XS, S, M, L, XL) - Sloping top tubes on XS and Small frames for improved standover and comfort - To offer the best rider experience for every frame size, XS and S frames get 650b wheelsets while M–XL get 700c - Custom-cast single-position vertical dropout

From grocery getting to dominating the drop off line, the Kombi is the right tool for any job. This cargo bike is affordable, portable, and storable. Its name is a nod to the adventurer and the explorer in all of us. This is your gateway to two-wheeled freedom, shared adventures and new discoveries! We took the best parts of our most popular models and "kombined" them to create a cargo bike for everybody. For the urban dweller, it has a shorter wheelbase for the bus rack and upright storage solutions for the apartment. For the parents, we included disc brakes for safety, a low stepover for easy sharing, and a rear rack spacious enough for three kiddos and all their gear for a day on the go. Nimble, snappy handling under load was our top priority because, let’s face it, the city can be chaotic. With clever design and complementary components, you can carry your cargo with comfort and confidence, from the family dog to a flea market find. Features: - Sturdy, no-flex steel frame - Chromoly fork - Shimano 1x9 wide-range drivetrain - Tektro Aries mechanical disc brakes - Kenda puncture-resistant tires - 2-year limited warranty Includes: - Double kickstand - Battery-powered lights - Front fender + rear wheelskirt - Deflopilator - Rear rack

...a slender frame, it's ready for the commute or to take on longer jaunts around the countryside come the weekend. Fellow commuters will blow you chef's kisses as you pedal through traffic with the timeless Oxbridge Geared. An understated steel frame hosts robust downtube shifters and an easy-to-maintain single-chainring 9-speed drivetrain with a wide cassette that can handle terrain anywhere in the city. Dual pivot caliper brakes and 28C tires give the classic feel of the bike a modern touch. Long-running sealed hubs and a classy metallic paint job complete the build, making you look the business as you go about your day the old-fashioned way.